Business Studies Grade 12

Key Topics in Grade 12 Agricultural Sciences

1. Animal Studies

• Animal nutrition (nutrients, digestion, and feeding strategies)
• Animal reproduction and breeding techniques
• Animal diseases and control measures
• Animal housing and welfare

2. Plant Studies

• Plant nutrition and photosynthesis
• Growth hormones and plant development
• Crop production techniques (soil preparation, irrigation, pest control)
• Genetically modified crops (GMOs) and their impact

3. Soil Science and Management

• Soil composition and types
• Soil fertility and conservation methods
• Organic and inorganic fertilizers
• Soil degradation and rehabilitation

4. Agricultural Economics

• Farming systems (subsistence, commercial, organic)
• Agribusiness management (budgeting, marketing, record-keeping)
• Supply and demand in agriculture
• Government policies and subsidies in farming

5. Environmental and Sustainable Farming

• Climate change and its impact on agriculture
• Water management and conservation
• Sustainable farming techniques (crop rotation, permaculture)
• Biodiversity and ecological balance in farming

6. Agricultural Technology and Innovation

• Mechanization in farming (tractors, irrigation systems)
• Biotechnology in agriculture (tissue culture, genetic engineering)
• Precision farming and smart agriculture
• Post-harvest handling and food preservation