Geography Grade 12

Key Topics in Grade 12 Geography

1. Climatology (Weather and Climate)

• Global air circulation and wind systems
• Mid-latitude cyclones and tropical cyclones
• El Niño and La Niña phenomena
• Urban climates (heat islands, pollution)
• Climate change and its impact

2. Geomorphology (Earth’s Surface and Landforms)

• Drainage systems and river catchments
• Fluvial processes (erosion, transportation, deposition)
• River management and sustainability
• The impact of human activities on rivers

3. Settlement Geography

• Rural and urban settlements
• Factors influencing settlement development
• Urbanization and city growth
• Challenges of urban settlements (housing, pollution, congestion)

4. Economic Geography

• Primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities
• Agriculture and mining in South Africa
• Industrial development and trade
• Sustainable development and economic growth

5. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

• Basic GIS concepts and applications
• Data collection and spatial analysis
• Remote sensing and mapping

6. Mapwork and Interpretation

• Contour lines and topographical maps
• Aerial photographs and satellite images
• Calculating distance, area, and gradient
• Latitude, longitude, and coordinates