Life Sciences Grade 12

Key Topics in Grade 12 Life Sciences

1. DNA, Genetics, and Evolution

• Structure and function of DNA
• DNA replication, transcription, and translation
• Meiosis and genetic variation
• Mendelian Genetics and inheritance
• Genetic engineering and biotechnology
• Evolution theories (Darwin and Lamarck)
• Evidence for evolution (fossils, biogeography, and comparative anatomy)

2. Human Reproduction

• Male and female reproductive systems
• Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
• The menstrual cycle and hormonal control
• Fertilization, pregnancy, and birth
• Contraception and infertility treatments

3. Responding to the Environment

Humans

• Nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and reflex actions)
• Endocrine system (hormones and homeostasis)
• Sense organs (eye and ear structure and function)

Plants

• Plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid)
• Tropisms (phototropism and geotropism)

4. Human Impact on the Environment

• Climate change and global warming
• Deforestation and biodiversity loss
• Water availability and pollution
• Food security and sustainable farming
• Conservation strategies and ecological sustainability