Physical Sciences Grade 12

Key Topics in Grade 12 Physical Sciences

1. Physics

Physics deals with the laws of nature, energy, and motion.

Mechanics

• Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Momentum and Impulse
• Work, Energy, and Power
• Vertical Projectile Motion
• Circular Motion

Waves, Sound, and Light

• Doppler Effect
• Electromagnetic Radiation
• Diffraction and Interference

Electricity and Magnetism

• Electric Circuits (Ohm’s Law, series and parallel circuits)
• Electrostatics (Charge, Electric Fields, Coulomb’s Law)
• Electrodynamics (Motors, Generators, Alternating Current)

Modern Physics

• Photoelectric Effect
• Dual Nature of Light
• Applications in Technology

2. Chemistry

Chemistry focuses on substances, their properties, reactions, and applications.

Chemical Equilibrium

• Reversible Reactions
• Le Chatelier’s Principle
• Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

Acids and Bases

• pH and pOH Calculations
• Strength of Acids and Bases
• Titration and Neutralization

Electrochemistry

• Redox Reactions
• Galvanic and Electrolytic Cells
• Standard Electrode Potentials

Organic Chemistry

• Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes)
• Functional Groups (Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Esters)
• Polymerization and Applications